Pycharm+django2.2+python3.6+MySQL实现简单的考试报名系统 - python基础

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1 准备工作

1.1 环境搭建

1.1.1 安装python3.6

python安装官网

1.1.2 安装django2.2

pip install django(==2.2.0) //不加版本默认安装最新版

1.1.3 安装pycharm（社区版，官网下载安装即可）

在安装完成后要配置好需要的第三方库：（pip下载，推荐在pycharm下也配置虚拟环境）

Django2.2

连接mysql需要的库：PyMySQL, mysql, mysqlclinet

验证码用到的库：django-simple-captcha（只需在虚拟环境下配置）

（由于下载库较多，忘记用到的库，下附截图）

1.1.4 安装数据库，

我使用的是MySQL,推荐安装界面管理文件（我使用的是MySQLWorkbench）数据库配置，settings.py文件

DATABASES = {
 'default': {
 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
 'NAME':'cet',    #数据库名字
 'USER':'root',   #登陆数据库的用户名
 'PASSWORD':'123',   #登陆数据库的密码
 'HOST':'localhost',   #数据库的ip地址
 'PORT':'3306',   #ip地址的端口号，默认（3306）
 }
}

__init__.py里面导入pymysql

import pymysql pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

1.2 创建django项目及app

1.2.1 创建指令

django-admin startproject project_name #创建项目
python manage.py startapp app_name  #创建app(可能会报错)
#上面创建app失败用下面这个指令
django-admin startapp app_name 
 1.2.2 注册app
INSTALLED_APPS = [
 'django.contrib.admin',  
 'django.contrib.auth',
 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 'django.contrib.sessions',
 'django.contrib.messages',
 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 'login',   #登录注册
 'captcha',  #验证码
 'home',   #报名主页
]

1.4 更改时区和语言

settings.py文件中，将默认改为亚洲/上海和中文

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = False

1.5 数据库迁移

更改models.py后，要将更改同步到数据库之中，这时就要用到数据库迁移指令（若迁移失败：no changes问题）。

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

1.6 创建超级管理员

命令行冲使用指令创建管理员账号用于使用django自带的框架。

python manage.py createsuperuser

1.7 运行准备

添加端口号：

2 注册登录模块

(我将其放在了app名为login里面)

2.1 数据库模型设计

特殊参数说明：verbose_name――用于修改django框架各表成员的名字（相当于副名，只用于显示），其他可以从文章

开头推荐的博客了解。

#login/models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class User(models.Model):
 '''用户表'''
 gender = (
 ('male', '男'),
 ('female', '女'),
 )
 name = models.CharField(verbose_name="用户名", max_length=128, unique=True) # unique表示唯一
 password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=256)
 email = models.EmailField(verbose_name="邮箱", unique=True)
 sex = models.CharField(verbose_name="性别", max_length=32, choices=gender, default='男')
 c_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
 def __str__(self):
 return self.name
 #用于将django自带管理员端汉化
 class Meta:
 ordering = ['c_time']
 verbose_name = '用户'
 verbose_name_plural = '用户'

2.2 在admin中注册模型

#login/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.
from . import models
admin.site.register(models.User)

2.3 创建表单

在我们创建数据库用户表后,采用表单验证前端的数据并进行存储到数据库中。

#login/forms.py
from django import forms
from captcha.fields import CaptchaField
class user_entry(forms.Form):
 user_name = forms.CharField(label="用户名", max_length=128, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 user_true_name = forms.CharField(label="真实姓名", max_length=128,widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 user_id = forms.CharField(label="身份证号", max_length=18, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱地址", widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 exam_point = forms.CharField(label="考点", max_length=128, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
class user_datas(forms.Form):
 email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱地址", widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 user_name = forms.CharField(label="用户名", max_length=128, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 user_true_name = forms.CharField(label="真实姓名", max_length=128, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 user_id = forms.CharField(label="身份证号", max_length=18, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 # user_img =
 user_school = forms.CharField(label="所在学校", max_length=128, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 # user_f_score = forms.CharField(label="四级成绩", max_length=10, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 # user_s_score = forms.CharField(label="六级成绩", max_length=10, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))

2.4 路由及视图设计

2.4.1 路由设计

由于登陆注册使用的路径不多，就将其全放在项目目录下的urls.py文件，当然也可以采用项目和app相结合。

#项目名/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
from login import views
urlpatterns = [
 path('', views.index),  #修改端口默认主页
 path('admin/', admin.site.urls), #管理员端
 #登录注册
 path('index/', views.index),
 path('check/', views.check),
 path('login/', views.login),
 path('register/', views.register),
 path('logout/', views.logout),
 #使用验证码
 path('captcha', include('captcha.urls')),
 #报名app路由
 path('homepage/',include('home.urls')),
]

2.4.2 试图设计

#login/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from . import models
from .forms import UserForm,RegisterForm
from home.models import user_data
# Create your views here.
def check(request):
 pass
 return render(request, 'login/hello.html')
def index(request):
 pass
 return render(request, 'login/index.html')
#加入sesson
def login(request):
 #不允许重复登录
 if request.session.get('is_login', None):
 return redirect('/index')
 if request.method == "POST":
 login_form = UserForm(request.POST)
 message = "请检查填写的内容！"
 if login_form.is_valid():
  username = login_form.cleaned_data['username']
  password = login_form.cleaned_data['password']
  try:
  user = models.User.objects.get(name=username)
  if user.password == password:
   #往session字典内写入用户状态和数据
   request.session['is_login'] = True
   request.session['user_id'] = user.id
   request.session['user_name'] = user.name
   return redirect('/index/')
  else:
   message = "密码不正确！"
  except:
  message = "用户不存在！"
 return render(request, 'login/login.html', locals())
 login_form = UserForm()
 return render(request, 'login/login.html', locals())
def logout(request):
 if not request.session.get('is_login', None):
 # 如果本来就未登录，也就没有登出一说
 return redirect("/index/")
 request.session.flush()
 # 或者使用下面的方法
 # del request.session['is_login']
 # del request.session['user_id']
 # del request.session['user_name']
 return redirect("/index/")
def register(request):
 if request.session.get('is_login', None):
 # 登录状态不允许注册。
 return redirect("/index/")
 if request.method == "POST":
 register_form = RegisterForm(request.POST)
 message = "请检查填写的内容！"
 if register_form.is_valid(): # 获取数据
  username = register_form.cleaned_data['username']
  password1 = register_form.cleaned_data['password1']
  password2 = register_form.cleaned_data['password2']
  email = register_form.cleaned_data['email']
  sex = register_form.cleaned_data['sex']
  if password1 != password2: # 判断两次密码是否相同
  message = "两次输入的密码不同！"
  return render(request, 'login/register.html', locals())
  else:
  same_name_user = models.User.objects.filter(name=username)
  if same_name_user: # 用户名唯一
   message = '用户已经存在，请重新选择用户名！'
   return render(request, 'login/register.html', locals())
  same_email_user = models.User.objects.filter(email=email)
  if same_email_user: # 邮箱地址唯一
   message = '该邮箱地址已被注册，请使用别的邮箱！'
   return render(request, 'login/register.html', locals())
  message = "注册成功！"
  # 当一切都OK的情况下，创建新用户
  # 创建用户信息//有问题：放在创建用户表后面会出现DJANGO pymysql.err.IntegrityError:
  # (1062, "Duplicate entry '' for key 'user_name'")
  new_user_data = user_data.objects.create()
  new_user_data.user_name = username
  new_user_data.user_true_name = '无'
  new_user_data.user_id = '无'
  new_user_data.user_school = '无'
  # new_user_data.user_f_score = 425
  # new_user_data.user_s_score = 0
  new_user_data.save()
  #创建用户表
  new_user = models.User.objects.create()
  new_user.name = username
  new_user.password = password1
  new_user.email = email
  new_user.sex = sex
  new_user.save()
  return redirect('/login/') # 自动跳转到登录页面
 register_form = RegisterForm()
 return render(request, 'login/register.html', locals())

3 个人信息及报名管理

(我将其放在了app名为home里面)

3.1 数据库模型设计

#home/models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class exam_entry_table(models.Model):
 #考点信息表
 exam_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="考试编号",max_length=10)
 exam_type = models.CharField(verbose_name="考试类别",max_length=128)
 exam_point = models.CharField(verbose_name="考点",max_length=128)
 exam_time = models.CharField(verbose_name="考试时间",max_length=128)
 number = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="容量")
 entry_number = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="已报名数量",default=0)
 def __str__(self):
 return self.exam_point
 class Meta:
 # ordering = ['c_time']
 verbose_name = '考点'
 verbose_name_plural = '考点信息表'
class user_entry_table(models.Model):
 #用户考试信息表
 email = models.EmailField(verbose_name="邮箱")
 exam_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="考试编号",max_length=10)
 exam_point = models.CharField(verbose_name="考点",max_length=128)
 def __str__(self):
 return self.email
 class Meta:
 # ordering = ['c_time']
 verbose_name = '用户考试信息'
 verbose_name_plural = '用户考试信息表'
class user_data(models.Model):
 #用户信息表
 user_name = models.CharField(verbose_name="用户名",max_length=128, unique=True)
 user_true_name = models.CharField(verbose_name="真实姓名",max_length=128, null=True)
 user_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="身份证号",max_length=18, null=True)
 # user_img =
 user_school = models.CharField(verbose_name="在读学校",max_length=128)
 user_f_score = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="四级成绩", default=0)
 user_s_score = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="六级成绩", default=0)
 def __str__(self):
 return self.user_name
 class Meta:
 # ordering = ['c_time']
 verbose_name = '用户名'
 verbose_name_plural = '用户信息表'

3.2 注册模型

#home/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.
from . import models
admin.site.register(models.exam_entry_table) #考点信息表
admin.site.register(models.user_entry_table) #用户考试信息表
admin.site.register(models.user_data)  #用户信息表

3.3 创建表单

#home/forms.py
from django import forms
from captcha.fields import CaptchaField
class UserForm(forms.Form):
 username = forms.CharField(label="用户名", max_length=128, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 password = forms.CharField(label="密码", max_length=256, widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 captcha = CaptchaField(label='验证码')
class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
 gender = (
  ('male', "男"),
  ('female', "女"),
 )
 username = forms.CharField(label="用户名", max_length=128, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 password1 = forms.CharField(label="密码", max_length=256, widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 password2 = forms.CharField(label="确认密码", max_length=256, widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱地址", widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 sex = forms.ChoiceField(label='性别', choices=gender)
 captcha = CaptchaField(label='验证码')

3.4 路由及视图设计

3.4.1 路由设计

这里用到的路劲较为复杂，采用项目urls和app的urls结合起来避免项目的urls过于拥挤。

先修改项目的urls.py文件：

#项目名/urls.py
path('homepage/',include('home.urls')), #前面已经添加了，这里只做说明

再修改app中的urls.py文件：

#home/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
from home import views
urlpatterns = [
 path('test/', views.test),
 path('my_data/',views.mydate),   #我的信息
 path('query_results/',views.query), #查询报告信息
 path('cet_4/',views.cet_4),   #四级报名
 path('cet_6/',views.cet_6),   #六级报名
 path('change_my_data/',views.updata),
]

3.4.2 试图设计

#home/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from . import models
from .forms import user_entry, user_datas
from django.http import HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect
# from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from login.models import User
# Create your views here.
def test(request):
 pass
 return render(request, 'home/test.html')
#我的信息
def mydate(request):
 username = request.session.get('user_name', None)
 account = User.objects.get(name=username)#用户登录注册表
 user = models.user_data.objects.get(user_name= username)
 return render(request,"home/myself.html",{"user":user, "account":account})
#修改我的信息
def updata(request):
 username = request.session.get('user_name', None)
 # print("-----------------------")
 # print(username)
 # print("-----------------------")
 user_da = models.user_data.objects.get(user_name=username)
 user = User.objects.get(name=username)#login_user表
 if request.method == "POST":
  userdata = user_datas(request.POST)
  # print(userdata)
  if userdata.is_valid():
   user_das = userdata.cleaned_data
   # user.user_name = user_da['user_name'] #用户无法修改用户名
   user.email = user_das['email']
   user_da.user_true_name = user_das['user_true_name']
   user_da.user_id = user_das['user_id']
   user_da.user_school = user_das['user_school']
   user_da.save()
   user.save()
   # 四六级成绩无法修改
   # user_datas.user_f_score = user_da['user_f_score']
   # user_datas.user_s_score = user_da['user_s_score']
   return redirect('/homepage/my_data/')
 else:
  userdata = user_datas(initial={"email":user.email,"user_name":user_da.user_name,"user_true_name":user_da.user_true_name,"user_id":user_da.user_id,"user_school":user_da.user_school})
  return render(request, 'home/change_mydata.html', {"userdata":userdata})
#查询考试信息 还没完成，优化，条件判断
def query(request):
 username = request.session.get('user_name',None)
 user = User.objects.get(name=username)
 #用于判断用户是否报名
 user_en = models.user_entry_table.objects.filter(email=user.email)
 # print("********************")
 # print(user_en)
 # print(user_en[0])
 if user_en:
  # print(len(user_en))
  if len(user_en)==1:
   user_entry = models.user_entry_table.objects.get(email=user.email)
   user_point = user_entry.exam_point
   user_eid = user_entry.exam_id
   exam_entry = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=user_point, exam_id=user_eid)
   return render(request, 'home/query1.html', {"exam_entry": exam_entry})
  else:
   user_entry4 = models.user_entry_table.objects.get(email=user.email, exam_id=0)
   user_entry6 = models.user_entry_table.objects.get(email=user.email, exam_id=1)
   user_point4 = user_entry4.exam_point
   user_point6 = user_entry6.exam_point
   exam_entry4 = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=user_point4, exam_id=0)
   exam_entry6 = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=user_point6, exam_id=1)
   return render(request, 'home/query2.html', {"exam_entry4": exam_entry4, "exam_entry6":exam_entry6})
 else:
  # message = "你还未报名！请先报名之后再来查看！"
  # return render(request, 'login/index.html', locals())
  user_da = models.user_data.objects.get(user_name=user.name)
  school = user_da.user_school
  if school=='无':
   message = "请先更新你的学校信息！"
   return render(request, 'login/index.html', locals())
  else:
   point = models.exam_entry_table.objects.filter(exam_point=school)
   if point:
    if len(point)==1:
     exam = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=school)
     return render(request, 'home/exam1.html', {"exam": exam})
    else:
     exam4 = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=school, exam_id=0)
     exam6 = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=school, exam_id=1)
     return render(request, 'home/exam2.html', {"exam4": exam4, "exam6": exam6})
   else:
    message="你的学校还未开放报名！详情请咨询学校相关部门！"
    return render(request, 'login/index.html', locals())
#四级报名
def cet_4(request):
 username = request.session.get('user_name', None)
 # 用户信息表,用户表，获取信息判断资格
 user_da = models.user_data.objects.get(user_name=username)
 user = User.objects.get(name=username)
 if request.method == "POST":
  cet4_form = user_entry(request.POST)
  if cet4_form.is_valid():
   # 四级考试对分数无要求
   # 只需要获取报考考点信息即可
   # email = cet4_form.cleaned_data['email']
   exam_id = '0'
   exam_point = cet4_form.cleaned_data['exam_point']
   #用与下面的考点判断
   point = models.exam_entry_table.objects.filter(exam_point=exam_point, exam_id='0')
   # 用与下面的是否重复报名判断
   entryer = models.user_entry_table.objects.filter(email=user.email, exam_id=exam_id)
   #判断个人信息是否完善
   if user_da.user_true_name=='无'or user_da.user_id=='无':
    message="请先完善个人真实信息之后再来报名！"
    return render(request, 'home/cet_4.html', locals())
   # 判断是否重复报名
   # print("判断是否重复报名")
   elif entryer:
    message = "请勿重复报名！"
    return render(request, 'home/cet_4.html', locals())
   elif point:
    # 考点存在
    # print("没有重复报名")
    message = "报名成功！请按时参加考试！"
    # 创建一条数据
    new_user = models.user_entry_table.objects.create()
    new_user.email = user.email
    new_user.exam_id = exam_id
    new_user.exam_point = exam_point
    new_user.save()
    # 考点容量减1,报考人数加1
    exam_entry = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=exam_point, exam_id=exam_id)
    exam_entry.number -= 1
    exam_entry.entry_number += 1
    exam_entry.save()
    return render(request, 'home/cet_4.html', locals())
   else:
    message = "该学校还未开放报名！详情请咨询学校相关部门！"
    return render(request, 'home/cet_4.html', locals())
 cet4_form = user_entry(initial={"email": user.email, "user_name": user_da.user_name, "user_true_name": user_da.user_true_name,
     "user_id": user_da.user_id})
 return render(request, 'home/cet_4.html', locals())
#六级报名：
def cet_6(request):
 username = request.session.get('user_name', None)
 # 用户信息表,用户表，获取信息判断资格
 user_da = models.user_data.objects.get(user_name=username)
 user = User.objects.get(name=username)
 if request.method == "POST":
  cet6_form = user_entry(request.POST)
  if cet6_form.is_valid():
   # 只需要获取报考考点信息即可
   # email = cet4_form.cleaned_data['email']
   exam_id = '1'
   exam_point = cet6_form.cleaned_data['exam_point']
   f_score = user_da.user_f_score
   # 用与下面的考点判断
   point = models.exam_entry_table.objects.filter(exam_point=exam_point, exam_id=exam_id)
   # 用与下面的是否重复报名判断
   entryer = models.user_entry_table.objects.filter(email=user.email, exam_id=exam_id)
   # 判断个人信息是否完善
   if user_da.user_true_name=='无'or user_da.user_id=='无':
    message="请先完善个人真实信息之后再来报名！"
    return render(request, 'home/cet_6.html', locals())
    # 判断是否重复报名
   elif entryer:
    # print("判断是否重复报名")
    message = "请勿重复报名！"
    return render(request, 'home/cet_6.html', locals())
   # 判断考点是否存在
   elif point:
    # 考点存在
    #判断四级成绩是否合格
    if f_score >= 425:
     # print("报名成功！请按时参加考试！")
     # 创建一条数据
     message = "报名成功！请按时参加考试！"
     new_user = models.user_entry_table.objects.create()
     new_user.email = user.email
     new_user.exam_id = exam_id
     new_user.exam_point = exam_point
     new_user.save()
     # 考点容量减1,报考人数加1
     exam_entry = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=exam_point, exam_id=exam_id)
     exam_entry.number -= 1
     exam_entry.entry_number += 1
     exam_entry.save()
     return render(request, 'home/cet_6.html', locals())
    else:
     message = "四级成绩大于425才能报名六级考试！"
     return render(request, 'home/cet_6.html', locals())
   else:
    message = "该学校还未开放报名！详情请咨询学校相关部门！"
    return render(request, 'home/cet_6.html', locals())
 cet6_form = user_entry(
  initial={"email": user.email, "user_name": user_da.user_name, "user_true_name": user_da.user_true_name,
     "user_id": user_da.user_id})
 return render(request, 'home/cet_6.html', locals())

到这里基本的后端都实现了。

4 项目最终框架展示

5 总结

成果展示：

主页：

管理端：

数据库设计问题:

由于此次设计在开始之时没有设计完善，数据库各表之间的关联存在问题，例如本次报名系统而言，用户信息最好添加手机号码，我本打算使用邮箱即可，但是推荐使用联系更快的电话号码等等问题。

附录

整体项目包地址链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/130AP7coMP_U2q_dzaazUWA 提取码: nywa

总结

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Pycharm+django2.2+python3.6+MySQL实现简单的考试报名系统,希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对谷谷点程序网站的支持！
如果你觉得本文对你有帮助，欢迎转载，烦请注明出处，谢谢！

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