易学Python (Anthony Briggs著) 中文pdf扫描版[40MB]
思路
一、想要实现登录豆瓣关键点
分析真实post地址 ----寻找它的formdata,如下图,按浏览器的F12可以找到。
实战操作
- 实现:模拟登录豆瓣,验证码处理,登录到个人主页就算是success
- 数据:没有抓取数据,此实战主要是模拟登录和处理验证码的学习。要是有需求要抓取数据,编写相关的抓取规则即可抓取内容。
登录成功展示如图:
spiders文件夹中DouBan.py主要代码如下:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import scrapy,urllib,re from scrapy.http import Request,FormRequest import ruokuai ''' 遇到不懂的问题?Python学习交流群:821460695满足你的需求,资料都已经上传群文件,可以自行下载! ''' class DoubanSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = "DouBan" allowed_domains = ["douban.com"] #start_urls = ['http://douban.com/'] header={"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36"} #供登录模拟使用 def start_requests(self): url='https://www.douban.com/accounts/login' return [Request(url=url,meta={"cookiejar":1},callback=self.parse)]#可以传递一个标示符来使用多个。如meta={'cookiejar': 1}这句,后面那个1就是标示符 def parse(self, response): captcha=response.xpath('//*[@id="captcha_image"]/@src').extract() #获取验证码图片的链接 print captcha if len(captcha)>0: '''此时有验证码''' #人工输入验证码 #urllib.urlretrieve(captcha[0],filename="C:/Users/pujinxiao/Desktop/learn/douban20170405/douban/douban/spiders/captcha.png") #captcha_value=raw_input('查看captcha.png,有验证码请输入:') #用快若打码平台处理验证码--------验证码是任意长度字母,成功率较低 captcha_value=ruokuai.get_captcha(captcha[0]) reg=r'<Result>(.*?)</Result>' reg=re.compile(reg) captcha_value=re.findall(reg,captcha_value)[0] print '验证码为:',captcha_value data={ "form_email": "weisuen007@163.com", "form_password": "weijc7789", "captcha-solution": captcha_value, #"redir": "https://www.douban.com/people/151968962/", #设置需要转向的网址,由于我们需要爬取个人中心页,所以转向个人中心页 } else: '''此时没有验证码''' print '无验证码' data={ "form_email": "weisuen007@163.com", "form_password": "weijc7789", #"redir": "https://www.douban.com/people/151968962/", } print '正在登陆中......' ####FormRequest.from_response()进行登陆 return [ FormRequest.from_response( response, meta={"cookiejar":response.meta["cookiejar"]}, headers=self.header, formdata=data, callback=self.get_content, ) ] def get_content(self,response): title=response.xpath('//title/text()').extract()[0] if u'登录豆瓣' in title: print '登录失败,请重试!' else: print '登录成功' ''' 可以继续后续的爬取工作 '''
ruokaui.py代码如下:
我所用的是若块打码平台,选择url识别验证码,直接给打码平台验证码图片的链接地址,传回验证码的值。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import sys, hashlib, os, random, urllib, urllib2 from datetime import * ''' 遇到不懂的问题?Python学习交流群:821460695满足你的需求,资料都已经上传群文件,可以自行下载! ''' class APIClient(object): def http_request(self, url, paramDict): post_content = '' for key in paramDict: post_content = post_content + '%s=%s&'%(key,paramDict[key]) post_content = post_content[0:-1] #print post_content req = urllib2.Request(url, data=post_content) req.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded') opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor()) response = opener.open(req, post_content) return response.read() def http_upload_image(self, url, paramKeys, paramDict, filebytes): timestr = datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') boundary = '------------' + hashlib.md5(timestr).hexdigest().lower() boundarystr = '\r\n--%s\r\n'%(boundary) bs = b'' for key in paramKeys: bs = bs + boundarystr.encode('ascii') param = "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"%s\"\r\n\r\n%s"%(key, paramDict[key]) #print param bs = bs + param.encode('utf8') bs = bs + boundarystr.encode('ascii') header = 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"image\"; filename=\"%s\"\r\nContent-Type: image/gif\r\n\r\n'%('sample') bs = bs + header.encode('utf8') bs = bs + filebytes tailer = '\r\n--%s--\r\n'%(boundary) bs = bs + tailer.encode('ascii') import requests headers = {'Content-Type':'multipart/form-data; boundary=%s'%boundary, 'Connection':'Keep-Alive', 'Expect':'100-continue', } response = requests.post(url, params='', data=bs, headers=headers) return response.text def arguments_to_dict(args): argDict = {} if args is None: return argDict count = len(args) if count <= 1: print 'exit:need arguments.' return argDict for i in [1,count-1]: pair = args[i].split('=') if len(pair) < 2: continue else: argDict[pair[0]] = pair[1] return argDict def get_captcha(image_url): client = APIClient() while 1: paramDict = {} result = '' act = raw_input('请输入打码方式url:') if cmp(act, 'info') == 0: paramDict['username'] = raw_input('username:') paramDict['password'] = raw_input('password:') result = client.http_request('http://api.ruokuai.com/info.xml', paramDict) elif cmp(act, 'register') == 0: paramDict['username'] = raw_input('username:') paramDict['password'] = raw_input('password:') paramDict['email'] = raw_input('email:') result = client.http_request('http://api.ruokuai.com/register.xml', paramDict) elif cmp(act, 'recharge') == 0: paramDict['username'] = raw_input('username:') paramDict['id'] = raw_input('id:') paramDict['password'] = raw_input('password:') result = client.http_request('http://api.ruokuai.com/recharge.xml', paramDict) elif cmp(act, 'url') == 0: paramDict['username'] = '********' paramDict['password'] = '********' paramDict['typeid'] = '2000' paramDict['timeout'] = '90' paramDict['softid'] = '76693' paramDict['softkey'] = 'ec2b5b2a576840619bc885a47a025ef6' paramDict['imageurl'] = image_url result = client.http_request('http://api.ruokuai.com/create.xml', paramDict) elif cmp(act, 'report') == 0: paramDict['username'] = raw_input('username:') paramDict['password'] = raw_input('password:') paramDict['id'] = raw_input('id:') result = client.http_request('http://api.ruokuai.com/create.xml', paramDict) elif cmp(act, 'upload') == 0: paramDict['username'] = '********' paramDict['password'] = '********' paramDict['typeid'] = '2000' paramDict['timeout'] = '90' paramDict['softid'] = '76693' paramDict['softkey'] = 'ec2b5b2a576840619bc885a47a025ef6' paramKeys = ['username', 'password', 'typeid', 'timeout', 'softid', 'softkey' ] from PIL import Image imagePath = raw_input('Image Path:') img = Image.open(imagePath) if img is None: print 'get file error!' continue img.save("upload.gif", format="gif") filebytes = open("upload.gif", "rb").read() result = client.http_upload_image("http://api.ruokuai.com/create.xml", paramKeys, paramDict, filebytes) elif cmp(act, 'help') == 0: print 'info' print 'register' print 'recharge' print 'url' print 'report' print 'upload' print 'help' print 'exit' elif cmp(act, 'exit') == 0: break return result
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